Use Wellwood, Dap (any hardware store type that's flamable). You need to sand the epoxy surface because of blush (this is what many people forget). I buy Dap in the little bottle with the small brush $3. Coat both surfaces - the wood and the foam. Let it dry for about 1/2 hour and give it a second coat on both surfaces. Give it a good thick coating. Let it dry untill it's just tacky - about 15 - 20 min. then press them together. It will never ever come apart. Press the surfaces together really well. The glue needs about 12 hours and it will get really hard so don't get it wet until then. Make sure you get the positioning right because you'll have to rip the foam apart to seperate it. You can slso glue foam to foam like this. I've experimented and tried to rip two pieces of foam apart and you can't.

Maybe you used water based glue, or you didn't clean the blush or gave it one thin coat and the foam absorbed it? I don't know what (the neoprene) designation means. You want contact cement that people use for formica etc. (flamable only)